天鹅湖湿地公园位于山东省荣成市，是一处紧邻黄海的自然湿地，场地平坦开阔，遍生芦苇，水流蜿蜒曲折穿梭其间。每年十月左右，成群的天鹅会自西伯利亚南下至此过冬，湿地公园的美景与天鹅的到来也吸引着大批游客至此观光游览。当地政府因此希望在公园内修建一组建筑，为游客提供观景、餐饮等服务。
Located in Rongcheng, Shandong province, Swan Lake Park is a natural wetland near the Yellow Sea, flat and vast, with reed spreading wildly and water streams meandering. Every October, groups of swans migrate south to this site from Siberia. This magnificent scene, as well as the beautiful landscape of the wetland, attracts large groups of tourists. The local government wishes to build a public facility that provides tourists with services such as viewing and catering.
▲ 建筑全景 | Overall view ©陈颢
建筑选址于湿地东北角，此处背靠一片茂盛的黑松林，面朝整个湿地景观。建筑在场地中的形象可以被理解为一座“桥”和一座“塔”：水平向的景观廊长71米，如同湿地上的一道长桥，架空漂浮在柔软的土壤和水流上，最大化地保持了自然地形的延续性，又如一把从湿地伸入水面的标尺，通过自身的水平性提示下方地形的变化；竖直的瞭望塔高15.6米，如同水边的灯塔，为游客观景提供了一处可以俯瞰湿地、远眺马山的高点视野。一横一竖两个体量，在空间的三个维度上与场地紧密地联系起来。
The service building sited on the north-east corner of the park, with dense pine forest to its back, faces the wetland landscape. The contextual image of the architecture is understood as “a bridge” and “a tower”: the horizontal Bridge House is 71 meters long, like a bridge spanning over the soft soil and water, leaving the continuity of landscape uninterrupted. It also acts like a ruler that extends itself from the wetland to hover over the water pond, through its straightness delineating the sectional change of the landscape below. The vertical Viewing Tower is 15.6 meters tall, like a lighthouse near the water, providing tourists with a high point to overlook the wetland and Mont. Mashan. The two volumes, horizontal and vertical, correspond to the site in three dimensions of space.
▲ 场地分析草图 | Site analysis sketch
▲ 建筑全景 | Overall view ©杨天周
景观廊
The Bridge House
在设计起始时，景观廊的功能仅被规划为咖啡厅与卫生间。建筑周围的环境要素与使用者的行为要求希望其呈现出对湿地及松林景观充分开放的姿态，由此建筑被自然而然地赋予了观景游览这一串联前两者的第三个属性。
In the early design phase, the program of Bridge House was a café and bathroom facilities. The environment conditions and user requests led to its self-revelation gesture to the wetland and pine forest. Thus a third program which connects the previous two emerged – sightseeing.
▲ 咖啡厅外廊 | Exterior corridor outside Café ©杨天周
▲ 咖啡厅 | Café ©陈颢
▲ 咖啡厅视野 | View from Café ©杨天周
▲ 景观廊主入口处 | Bridge House lobby ©赵奕龙
▲ 景观廊主入口处 | Entrance of Bridge House ©陈颢
▲ 景观廊主入口处 | Bridge House lobby ©杨天周
建筑空间沿长轴方向分为三层，咖啡厅和卫生间布置在中间，交通空间位于两侧。两侧的半室外廊道空间呈现出截然相反的两种气质：东侧的外廊紧靠松林，更为内向安静；西侧的外廊则面向湿地景观，更为外向开阔。两侧的路径在行进过程中时而聚合，形成出入口、连桥或内院；时而分化形成楼梯，向上可至屋顶平台远眺群山，向下可至水面近看潋滟，在整个游览过程中形成一系列丰富的体验变化。
There are three layers in the longitudinal direction – café and bathrooms are in the center, with circulation on both sides. The two sides are semi-open corridors with different atmosphere – the east corridor near the pine forest is introverted and quiet, while the west corridor facing the wetland is extraverted and open. The two paths sometimes converge, forming entrances, linkage, or inner courtyard; they then diverge into stairs, leading up to the roof platform that overlooks Mont. Mashan, or down to the lower deck with proximity to the water. This provides people with varying experience while traversing the building.
▲ 景观廊远景 | Distant view of Bridge House ©陈颢
▲ 景观廊全景 | Overall view of Bridge House ©陈颢
▲ 景观廊外立面 | Bridge House façade ©陈颢
▲ 建筑底层看向水面 | View to the lake on bottom viewing platform ©赵奕龙
▲ 屋顶观景平台 | Rooftop platform ©陈颢
▲ 屋顶观景平台 | Rooftop platform ©赵奕龙
为了实现桥式的大跨度结构，建筑采用全现浇木模混凝土这一种结构即建筑的建构方式，在两块水平楼板中布置了若干起结构作用的现浇墙体，在增强结构整体性的同时分隔出不同性格的建筑空间。错缝排列的松木模板为坚硬的混凝土墙体赋予了细腻的木纹肌理，给建筑增添了些许温暖的性格，同时也回应了场地周边以松林为主的自然环境特征。
In order to achieve large span, wood cast in-situ concrete was used for the structure, which is also the majority of the finish material of the building. Between the two horizontal floor slabs, there are multiple concrete shear walls that reinforce structure and at the same time partition the building into spaces with different personalities. Staggered pine wood form provides fine texture to the concrete, adding some warmth to the architecture while responding to the natural feature of the pine forest at site.
▲ 庭院 | Courtyard ©陈颢
▲ 通往水面楼梯 | Staircase leading to the water level @陈颢
▲ 室内展廊 | Interior gallery space ©陈颢
▲ 景观廊底部 | Underneath Bridge House ©赵奕龙
▲建筑底部看向水面 | View to the lake underneath Bridge House ©陈颢
观鸟塔
The Viewing Tower
观鸟塔因其纯粹的功能要求，设计的重点便是如何营造游览过程中的体验和氛围。从外部看，塔的整体较为封闭，材料为木瓦片，这种材料经历日照和气候影响，瓦片颜色会由原木色逐渐变为灰色，呈现出更为静谧的气质。
The Viewing Tower is purely programmed for viewing. Thus the design focus is to narrate the experience of it. Viewed from outside, the tower is well enclosed with wood shingles that will weather into grey color with time, adding more peacefulness to the building.
▲ 观鸟塔 | Wooden Viewing Tower ©杨天周
▲ 天鹅湖木塔_轴测爆炸拆解 | Exploded axonometric drawing of the Wooden Viewing Tower
木塔内部的主要光源来自屋顶中心的天光，因此建筑空间整体呈现出从低到高逐渐由暗变亮的状态。进入塔内后，空间起初较为幽暗，游览者可沿木质楼梯盘旋而上，途中会经过几个小窗洞，透过窗洞可隐约窥探到一幅幅片段化的“框景”。随着高度的上升，室内逐渐变亮，直至到达旋转楼梯尽头的塔顶瞭望平台后，视线才终于打开，由此可俯瞰到整个天鹅湖的湿地景色。
The light source inside the wood tower is from the skylight in the center of its roof, washing the interior of the wood tower into gradient light conditions. Entering the wood tower into a dark space, one takes wooden steps that spire up, passing through a few openings that provide fragmented view frames. It gets brighter while ascending. Arriving at the observation platform at the end of the spiral staircase, one’s view is fully opened, to the extent of the entire Swan Lake.
▲观鸟塔楼梯 | Stairs of Wooden Viewing Tower ©陈颢
▲观鸟塔仰视图 | Bottom view inside Wooden Viewing Tower ©陈颢
▲区域图 | Context
▲ 场地图 | Site Plan
▲ 首层平面图 | Ground Floor Plan
▲ 西南立面图 | Southwest Elevation
▲ 景观廊-短剖面 | Cross Sections of the Bridge House
▲ 景观廊-长剖面 | Longitudinal Section of the Bridge House
▲ 景观廊-短剖面1 | Cross Sections of the Bridge House 01
▲ 景观廊-短剖面2 | Cross Sections of the Bridge House 02
▲ 景观廊-短剖面3 | Cross Sections of the Bridge House 03
▲ 景观廊-长剖面 | Longitudinal Section of the Bridge House
▲1:20 观鸟塔模型 | 1：20 Viewing tower model
▲1:50 景观廊模型 | 1:50 Bridge house model
▲1:200 整体模型 | 1:200 Building model
▲1:500鸟瞰模型 | 1:500 model - bird's-eye view
▲1:50 景观廊立面 | 1:50 Elevation model of bridge house
▲ 1:50 景观廊长剖面 | 1:50 Longitudinal section model of bridge house
项目名称：天鹅湖湿地公园景观廊及观鸟塔
业主： 荣成市好运角旅游度假区建设局
项目地点：山东省荣成市
项目功能：咖啡厅、卫生间、游览观光
设计单位：迹·建筑事务所（TAO）
主持建筑师：华黎
设计团队：华黎、雷铮、刘秋兵、马坤
结构工程师：马智刚
机电工程师：吕建军及Kcalin卡林设计团队, 李鑫, 李伟
施工团队：威海建设集团三公司
建筑面积：278.2平方米
结构体系：钢筋混凝土结构、钢结构
设计时间：2017
施工时间：2017-2018
摄影：陈颢，赵奕龙，杨天周
Project: Swan Lake Bridge House and Viewing Tower
Client: Rongcheng Good Luck Corner Tourism Resort Construction Bureau
Location: Rongcheng, Shandong
Program: Cafe,Toilet, Sightseeing
Principal architect: HUA Li | TAO (Trace Architecture Office)
Design team: HUA Li, LEI Zheng, LIU Qiubing, MA Kun,
Structural engineer: MA Zhigang
General contractor: Weihai Construction Group Co.,Ltd
MEP engineer: LV Jianjun and Kcalin design group, LI Xin, LI Wei
Floor area: 278.2 sq. m
Structural system: Steel / Reinforced concrete
Design: 2017
Construction: 2017-2018
Photograph: CHEN Hao, ZHAO Yilong, YANG Tianzhou
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