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2020-07-20 发布
降落于森林间的
精灵小屋

-塔维亚克森林教堂-
Tervajärvi Forest Chapel

如今有一个木制小教堂藏于塔维亚克(Tervajärvi)营地的森林之中;这一教堂项目基于少量预算建造而成,以最大程度展示了木材建筑和志愿精神。
Asmall wooden chapel is now tucked away in the forest of the Tervajärvicampground. Built on a small budget, the project shows off wood constructionand volunteer spirit at their best.

塔维亚克森林教堂近景

塔维亚克森林教堂近景

塔维亚克森林教堂近景

塔维亚克森林教堂(Metsäkappeli)是为伦佩拉教区所有的塔维亚克营地的新组成部分。该教堂将主要作营地教堂的坚振营之用,以及担任小型婚礼或洗礼的场所。
The Forest Chapel (Metsäkappeli) is a new addition to the Tervajärvi campground owned by the parish of Lempäälä. The chapel will mainly serve as the campchurch for confirmation camps and as a venue for small weddings orchristenings.

塔维亚克森林教堂近景

由于教堂的组装和建造的工作,皆是由志愿者执行的,因此专业人员被要求承担更为苛刻的个人负责阶段;譬如说,所有胶合层零件都是于工厂提前预制,志愿者团队对项目的承诺,以及木构件供应商与首席设计师之间的紧密合作,使对各种设计解决方案的探索,并于现场进行实地组装和试验成为可能。
Asthe assembly of the chapel was carried out by volunteers, professionals wereentrusted with the more demanding individual phases. All the glulam parts, forexample, came prefabricated from a factory. The volunteer team’s commitment tothe project and the close cooperation between the wood component supplier andthe principal designer made it possible to explore various design solutions andtry them out on site.

塔维亚克森林教堂内景

这处教堂建筑,其实是对“祭典空间”作用的演变的一种解释。未来的教堂建筑被视为较小“祭典空间”,将取代公共设施建造的象征,标志及其相关传统,在强调趣味性和社区性的同时,又为人们提供了某种心灵上的慰藉。“祭典空间”的美学形态和设计比例,会传达出能为人们提供一隅安宁空间或地方的积极信息。
The architecture of the chapel is an interpretation of theevolving role of sacral spaces. Instead of institutional built symbols and theirassociated traditions, future church buildings could be seen as being smallersacral spaces that emphasize joy and communality, yet also afford consolation.Theform and proportions of the sacral building should convey the message of aplace that provides space for tranquillity.

塔维亚克森林教堂内景

塔维亚克森林教堂内景

森林教堂最重要的组成部分是胶合木屋顶桁架——该设计灵感基于受自然,附近的湖泊和教会仪式启发的视觉吸引结构;除了在视觉上具有引人注目的特质之外,胶合木梁结构还发挥着焦点结构作用;其结构方面的目标,是使组件的横截面与它们的高度形成和谐的比例;
Thesingle most important component of the forest chapel is the glulam timber rooftruss. The design was based on a visually appealing structure inspired by thenature, a nearby lake and ecclesiastical rituals. Besides being visuallystriking, the glulam beam structure should play the focal structural role. Thearchitectural objective was to keep the cross-section of the components in aharmonious proportion to their height.

塔维亚克森林教堂旧景

在最终设计中,房梁沿着屋顶的长度呈现出一种弯曲度,充当其自身的对角加强结构。由于相对狭窄的内部空间中不需要横向结构,因此角接必须具有极强的抗弯矩性。
In the final design, the beamscurve along the length of the roof, acting as their own diagonal stiffeningstructure. Since no transverse structures were desired in the relatively smallinterior space, the corner joint had to be moment-resistant.

塔维亚克森林教堂内景

塔维亚克森林教堂内景

将建筑外观,结构功能和具有高成本效益的生产力度三方面进行统筹协调是很困难的——这需要耗费相当长的开发时间,并需要更多轮次的讨论和协商。于是为了确保最终结果的质量,对角接缝以1:1的比例制作出了结构模型,并进行了四次独立尝试,以此来得出最精准正确的圆弧形态。
It was difficult to reconcile the appearance, structuralfunction and cost-effective production. This required a lengthy developmenttime with several rounds of comments. To ensure the quality of the finalresult, structural models were made of the corner joint in the scale 1:1. Ittook four separate attempts to find the correct shape for the arcs.

塔维亚克森林教堂内景天花板

塔维亚克森林教堂内景天花板

塔维亚克森林教堂内景天花板

胶合层梁由四个15毫米的薄片组成,总横截面为60 x 240毫米;所使用的木材是芬兰云杉。由于木质零件是工业生产的,因此不必以牺牲最终精准度和光洁度为代价;视觉上,角接缝的可见部分是一种表面薄板——沿着屋顶呈现一种连续的细长形态,其结构部分藏于薄板结合节点内部:一个引导垂直向下载量的水平状截面。
Theglulam beam is formed of four 15 mm lamellas with a total cross-section of 60 x 240 mm. The wood is Finnishspruce. Thewooden parts were manufactured industrially without having to sacrifice theprecision and finish of the end result. The visual part of the corner joints isa surface lamella that continues along the length of the roof. The structuralpart is inside the joint: a horizontal section that leads vertical loadsdownwards.

塔维亚克森林教堂内景墙面

塔维亚克森林教堂内景墙面

塔维亚克森林教堂内景墙面

通过将螺钉沿圆周方向放置,来实现接头具有一定的回转刚度;所有的螺孔洞均被塞住;除此之外,所有其余结构也被刻意设计成为使人们在室内看不到任何裸露的按钮固件。
Therotational stiffness of the joints was achieved by placing the screws in acircumferential pattern. The screw holes are plugged. All the rest of thestructures are also designed so that no fasteners are visible indoors.

塔维亚克森林教堂拼接设计

塔维亚克森林教堂拼接设计

塔维亚克森林教堂拼接设计

塔维亚克森林教堂的内部是可自由移动的落叶松家具,包括为建筑量身定制的黄铜部件,是由当地木匠Puusepänliike Hannes Oy设计打造而成。家具的接缝处及其他细节,则是他与其他木匠合作开发。
Thechapel’s movable larch furniture, including the brass components, was customdesigned for the building and made to order by local carpenter PuusepänliikeHannes Oy. The joints and other details of the furniture were developed incollaboration with the carpenter.

塔维亚克森林教堂地点平面图

塔维亚克森林教堂模型

塔维亚克森林教堂模型

塔维亚克森林教堂模型

塔维亚克森林教堂细节结构图

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑平面图

塔维亚克森林教堂胶合梁结构图1

塔维亚克森林教堂胶合梁结构图2

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑剖面图AA

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑剖面图BB

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑结构细节图1


塔维亚克森林教堂建筑结构细节图2

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑结构细节图3


塔维亚克森林教堂建筑胶合梁结构轴测图

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑胶合梁结构轴测图

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑胶合梁结构轴测图

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑侧视图1

塔维亚克森林教堂建筑侧视图2

设计师Lassi Viitanen

项目名称:塔维亚克森林教堂 (Tervajärvi forest chapel
项目位置:芬兰南部特尔瓦哈维伦培拉(Lempäälä,Tervajärvi, Southern Finland
项目类型:类别建筑设计,宗教建筑,教堂,木结构建筑
建筑总面积:50sqm
完成年份:2020
项目开发商/客户:Lempäälä Parish
建筑设计:NOAN, Lassi Viitanen
设计团队:Lassi Viitanen (主创设计师), Janne Ekman, Teemu Paasiaho, Ville Reima, Caspar Åkerblom, Essi Nisonen,Jaakko Heikkilä
结构设计:Timo Haavisto, Insinööritoimisto Asko Keronen (woodenbeams)
项目承包:Construction work done by volunteers
摄影支持:Essi Nisonen
文案负责:所有资料均由NOAN建筑工作室提供

其他项目信息:
木材供应商:Late-rakenteet Oy Ombré coloured cement floor screed;Keravanranta Oy Glass;Lasitalo Oy
屋顶材料:Siberian larch
建筑内层:Finnish spruce
建筑外面处理:Puijo tar, tar paint, tinting with carbon black
定制家具:PuusepänliikeHannes Oy
定制家具设计:Architecturestudio NOAN

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