三文建筑 | 贵州安龙国家山地户外运动示范公园游客服务中心三文建筑 | 贵州安龙国家山地户外运动示范公园游客服务中心

安龙国家山地户外运动示范公园位于贵州黔西南州安龙县笃山镇。公园位于一个天然的山谷中，占地约700亩，风景雄奇。山谷四周是典型的喀斯特地形岩壁，其中一段更是垂直的百米悬崖，谷底成口袋形，有一条蜿蜒的河流将谷底分为两半，河流的尽头是两个天坑，河流在天坑处从地面消失流入地下，形成地下河。这里是户外运动绝佳的场地，攀岩、热气球、滑翔伞、水上运动、越野车等户外极限运动都可以在这里找到理想的场地。

Anlong Limestone Resort is located in a karst canyon of Dushan Town, Anlong County, Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, covering the area of 700 acres with the magnificent scenery. The canyon is surrounded by the typical karst topography of rocks, one of which is a vertical cliff of one hundred meters, divided in two parts by a winding river that flows into the underground from two sinkholes (tiankeng). Outdoor extreme sports can be found the ideal site here including rock climbing, hot air balloon, paragliding, water sports and off-road vehicles.

项目所处山谷地形 Valley terrain where the project is located ©金伟琦

2016年，三文建筑/何崴工作室受邀参与了公园的规划和设计，并主持设计整个谷底唯一的一组建筑——安龙国家山地户外运动示范公园游客服务中心。

In 2016, 3andwich Design / He Wei Studio was invited to participate in the planning and design of the Resort, and was in charge of designing a unique group of buildings: the Tourist Center of Anlong Limestone Resort.

显和隐

Explicit and Implicit

游客服务中心位于谷底的一座小山丘顶上。小山丘是谷底唯一的高点，具有良好的视线，本身也极为醒目。选择在这里建造游客中心，除了希望建筑成为谷底的视觉焦点之外，还因为这里的地势最高，可以抵御每年雨季河流涨水淹没建筑的危险。实际上，当地没有确切的水文资料，建筑师只能根据当地人的口述，确定建筑的地板高度，这也是建筑被设计建造在一个架高的平台上的原因。

The Tourist Center is located on the top of a hill that lies at the bottom of the canyon. The reason to choose this location is that the hill is the only high point of the canyon with a good view and very eye-catching, which could make this group of buildings the visual focus and resist from annual flooding. Since there is a lack of hydrologic data of this area, the design team can only determine the floor height according to the oral instructions of local people and construct the entire group of buildings on a high platform.

从谷底天坑地下河入口看建筑，建筑被抬起，既解决了季节性涨水对建筑的威胁，又尽量减少对环境的破坏

The view of buildings from the entrance of sinkholes. The elevated buildings have helped resist from seasonal flooding and reduce damage to the environment ©金伟琦

因为建筑选址的特殊性，建筑师需要首先解决的问题就是建筑和环境的关系。在建筑师看来，峡谷的风景是极具力量感的，也应该是整个公园的绝对主角，而建筑应该首先融入环境，然后才是利用自身的特征为整个谷底点睛。因此，如何处理好建筑的显隐问题就成为了设计的起点。

Due to the particularity of site selection, the first problem that the design team need to solve is the relationship between architecture and environment. The scenery of the canyon is powerful enough to become the protagonist of the Resort; Meanwhile, the buildings should be integrated into the environment, and then to improve the environment with its own characteristics. Therefore, it has become the starting point of design to deal with explicit and implicit of buildings.

在实地勘察中，设计师发现小山顶部并不是平的。山顶有四组山石高起，而高起的山石之间自然形成了若干个小高地。设计师把建筑打散，形成若干个小的单体，并将它们体藏在这些小高地中。建筑自然的避让原有场地中的山石，并和山石形成一种共生关系：藏身于山石，又从山石的缝隙中伸出来，若隐若现。

During the site visiting, the designers have found that there are four peaks on top of the hill, in between of which are highlands. The designers break up the entire block into single pieces and hide them in the peaks and highlands, accommodating a symbiotic relationship of rocks and buildings: the buildings are hidden in the rocks while stretch out from the gaps

建筑与山石彼此咬合 Topological relations of the buildings and rocks ©金伟琦

建筑的形式并不刻意的追求新奇，仍然沿用了贵州黔西南地区的双坡顶民居形式，立面材料也尽量选择本地的石材为主。设计师不希望建筑过于彰显，除了对周边环境的尊敬外，也深知即使卖力的表现也无法和周边的大山大水争锋。

The newly designed buildings are following the form of traditional double-slope residential houses in southwest Guizhou, whose facade materials are basically local stones. The designer team would not intend to highlight the buildings that could never been compared with the surrounding mountains and rivers. The only thing designers could do is to respect for the nature.

双坡顶屋顶形式 Double pitched roof ©金伟琦

建筑立面材料尽量采用地域性材料，与环境和谐共处
Local stones as facade materials to coexist harmoniously with the environment ©金伟琦

内和外

Internal and External

游客服务中心由接待站、西餐厅（“红点餐厅”）、酒吧（“仙掌酒吧”）和会议室（“磐石会议中心”）四座建筑组成，其总体布局围绕着基地上的山石展开，呈现出一种外观和内聚共存的状态。

The Tourist Center consists of four parts: a reception hall, a restaurant (“Red Point Restaurant”), a club (“Tequila Club”) and a conference hall (“Big Wall Lounge”), whose overall layout has been distributed around the rocks, illustrating the coexisting status of appearance and cohesion.

从M亭看红点餐厅和酒吧 The view of Red Point Restaurant and Tequila Club through Pavilion M ©金伟琦

从仙掌酒吧看M亭 The view of Pavilion M from Tequila Club ©金伟琦

仙掌酒吧室内空间 The interior of Tequila Club ©金伟琦

红点酒吧室内空间 The interior of Red Point Restaurant ©金伟琦

外观，指每栋建筑都具有很好的观景面，通过落地玻璃，山谷的壮美景色可以被收入建筑室内，使游客中心和山谷形成共鸣。人坐在建筑室内或者屋檐下，通过视线与谷底远处的岩壁、河流、大地交流，并融入其中。

Appearance means that each building has a good viewing surface of glass walls, through which the magnificent scenery of the canyon can be absorbed by the buildings, resonating between buildings and canyon. Sitting in the interior of the buildings or under the eaves, people can communicate with the rocks, rivers and earth.

山谷壮美的景色为游客服务中心提供了丰富的景观面 The magnificent scenery of the canyon hasprovided picturesque view from the interior ©金伟琦

开放的玻璃立面将酒吧与谷底自然环境连接在一起 Consequent scenery of the Club and canyon by the glass facade ©金伟琦

深远的出檐为游客提供了灰空间 The deep eaves have provided the tourists with gray spaces ©金伟琦

内聚，指建筑与建筑之间，建筑与被其围绕的山石之间形成的内向的聚合。这种聚合被一个高架的平台功能化，明确化。平台不仅在汛期很好的解决了建筑主体的防洪问题，也是串联建筑与建筑的室外空间。除了会议室，接待站、西餐厅和咖啡厅的入口都指向室外平台，这里是未来游客交流，与山石亲密互动的主要空间。平台中部，半室外的凉亭进一步加强了平台的聚集性，设计师希望这里可以成为游客中心最具活力的地点。

Cohesion refers to the inward aggregation either between the buildings, or between the buildings and rocks, which has been defined and functionalized by an elevated platform. The platform can not only prevent flooding but also connect the outdoor space of each single buildings. All the entrances of the four buildings are open to the platform, where would be used as the communication space for the visitors. In the center, the semi-outdoor pavilion (“Pavilion M”) further strengthens the aggregation of the platform, where has been designed as the most dynamic part among the Tourist Center.

虚和实

Void and Solid

正如前文所述，建筑与周边环境的关系是游客中心设计的起点。建筑被插入山石之间，且通过地方建筑的形式和在地材料与环境融为一体。同时，建筑也是整个谷地中最重要的观景点和被观赏点，因此建筑外观的虚实变换就变得尤为重要。虚实变换的方式也是这组建筑区别于地方传统农舍的重要设计语汇。

As mentioned above, the relationship between buildings and environment is the starting point of the Tourist Center. The buildings have been inserted into the rocks, and merged with the environment with local architectural form and materials. At the same time, the building is the most important scenic spot and ornamental point in the entire canyon, illustrating the significance of the transformation between void and solid of the appearance. It is the mode of transformation that plays the key role as an important design language to distinguish from the traditional vernacular buildings.

从半山腰俯视山谷和游客服务中心建筑，建筑位于谷底一丛山石之间，建筑插入山石之间，如同从山石中生长出来；山墙面朝向山谷的各处风景 The aerial view of the canyon and Tourist Center, the buildings have grown out of the rocks and coexisted with them, with the gable walls facing the landscape of the canyon ©金伟琦

根据各建筑的功能，朝向，以及与周边环境的对景关系，设计师将建筑的实体立面（包括屋顶、部分墙面和地面）连贯起来，形成一个剖面类C形的筒，而虚体立面（玻璃）被“包裹”在这个C形的表皮中。通过大面积的虚实变换，建筑外观和室内空间获得了完全不同的气质，使用者体验外部空间的方式也从传统民居的相对平和、单一的模式，转换为具有现代感的、戏剧性模式。

According to the function, orientation and the relationship with the surrounding environment of the buildings, designers have connected “solid surfaces” (including roofs, walls and ground), to create C-shape tubes in section; Meanwhile the “void surfaces” (glass) have been wrapped in the epidermis of the tubes. Through the transformation between solid and void, completely different temperaments have been obtained from the exterior and interior spaces. Besides, the way that people experience the external spaces has been transformed from the single mode of traditional space to the dramatic pattern of modern space.

项目图纸

项目名称：安龙国家山地户外运动示范公园游客服务中心
Project Name: Tourist Center of Anlong Limestone Resort
项目地点：贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州安龙县笃山镇
Location: Dushan Town, Anlong County, Southwest Guizhou Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province
业主：安龙县荷韵旅游文化发展有限责任公司
Client: Anlong Heyun Tourism and Cultural Development Co.,Ltd
建筑设计：三文建筑/何崴工作室
Design Company: 3andwich Design / He Wei Studio
主持建筑师：何崴
Principal Architect: He Wei
设计团队：陈龙、米健、孙琪、赵卓然、宋珂、吴前铖
Design Team: Chen Long, Mi Jian, Sun Qi, Zhao Zhuoran, Song Ke, Wu Qiancheng
项目顾问：聂建，王滨
Consultant: Nie Jian, Wang Bin
建筑面积：1400平方米
Building area: 1400 sqm
设计时间：2016年4月-2016年7月
Period of Design: May 2016 - Sept 2016
建造时间：2016年7月-2017年7月
Period of Construction: Aug 2016 - Jul 2017
驻场工程师：靳雷柱，何秀根
Resident Engineer: Jin Leizhu, He Xiugen
合作单位：北京山岳美途体育文化有限公司
Cooperation Company: Mountain Journey (China) Co., Ltd.
室内施工图设计：北京鸿尚国际设计有限公司
Interior Construction Drawing: Hongshang Design
室内家具品牌：天一美家
Interior Furnishing: TYMJ Home Furnishing
摄影：金伟琦
Photographer: Jin Weiqi